“Anions”  

Anion

  In inorganic chemistry, Anions, as ionic electrolytic inorganic substances, are any monoatomic or polyatomic species, such as atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a negative charge (having one or more elementary charges of the electron).
anions are usually non-metals and always have a negative charge.
  In our body, the main body fluid (bodily fluid) anions are:

Chloride (Cl- = 99-109 mEq/L) and

Hydrogen Carbonate (HCO3- 22-26 mM).

  Examples of some anion related entities include:

inorganic anions organic anions radical anions

monoanions monoatomic anions polyatomic anions

anionic groups inorganic anionic groups salts (ionic compounds)

Examples of anionic substances include:

oxyanions nitrogen oxyanions nitrates nitrites Chromates phosphates phosphites arsenates arsenites

borates bromates Bromides carbonates bicarbonates chlorates Chloride (Cl−) Cyanides + Fluorides

Hydroxides + iodates Iodides Oxides + sulfates (sulfuric acid salts) thiosulfates sulfides sulfites bisulfites Vanadates

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“Oxyanions (Oxoanions)”  

Oxyanion

  In chemistry, Oxyanions are any anion molecular structure, containing one or more oxygen atoms (O), bonded to another element, usually derived from an oxyacid.
  Examples of oxoanionic compound (oxyanion) subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities include:

organic oxoanionic compounds actinide oxoanionic compounds non-metal oxoanionic compounds alkali metal oxoanionic compounds alkaline earth metal oxoanionic compounds lanthanide oxoanionic compounds metalloid oxoanionic compounds transition metal oxoanionic compounds (transition element oxoanions) post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds miscellaneous metallic oxoanionic compounds Other mixed metal/non-metal oxoanionic compounds

boron oxoanions carbon oxyanions (carbon oxoanions), aka oxocarbon anions carbonate carboxylic acid anions chalcogen oxoanions halogen oxoanions bromine oxoanions halites (halogenites) hydroxamic acid anions pnictogen oxoanions silicon oxoanions

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“Hydroxides”  

  In chemistry, Hydroxides, as diatomic anions, are compounds that contain a hydroxy group or salts containing a hydride (OH−).

Negative Charge Hydroxides

  Hydroxide carries a negative electric charge consists of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom covalently bonded together.
  Examples of hydroxide compounds include:

• inorganic hydroxy compounds
• organic hydroxy compounds
• oxyacids (oxoacids)
• hydroperoxide
• fentin hydroxide

Other examples include:

• Aluminum Hydroxide
• Ammonium Hydroxide
• Calcium Hydroxide
• hydroxyl radical
• Lye
• magnesium hydroxide
• Sodium Hydroxide
• water (hydrogen oxide)
  • Deuterium Oxide
  • Drinking Water
  • Ice
  • Mineral Waters
    • Carbonated Water
  • Steam
• actinide hydroxides

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“Oxides”  

  In science, Oxides are binary oxygen compounds with an oxygen (O) containing the anion O(2-).
  In science, Oxide anions combine with metals to form alkaline oxides and in non-metals to form acidic oxides.
  Examples of oxides include:

inorganic oxides organic oxides oxyanions (oxoanions)

peroxides superoxide hydrogen peroxide

N-oxide Se-oxide

Examples of oxides as Oxygen Compounds include:

Aluminum Oxide Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Magnesium Oxide

nitrogen oxides silicon dioxide Sulfur Oxides Thorium Dioxide

Water (Hydrogen Oxide) Osmium Tetroxide Zinc Oxide Hypochlorous Acid

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“Bromides”  

Bromide

  In inorganic chemistry, the bromine compounds, the anions Bromides, as ionic inorganic compounds (inorganic chemicals), are the salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine (Br) atom in the 1- oxidation state (Br^{−}).
  In our body, is naturally present in the blood, and used by eosinophils. **

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“Arsenates”  

  In chemistry, Arsenates as arsenical (arsenic compound) of the element arsenic (As), are inorganic (AsO₄^2-) or organic salts and esters of highly oxidized arsenic acids found predominating in aerobic environments.

Arsenate

  In phytochemistry, Arsenate is an anion and a chemical analog of phosphate (HPO₄^2-) that can disrupt at least some phosphate-dependent aspects of animal plant metabolism and may replace phosphate in some biochemical reactions.
  Examples of arsenates include:

• actinide arsenates

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“Iodides”  

Iodide

  An Iodide ion, an inorganic binary anion, is the ion of iodine (I^{−}). iodides are compounds of iodine (I) in the formal oxidation state of −1.

Iodide an Essential Micronutrient

  In our diet and in our body, the micronutrient Iodide is essential for the biosynthesis of the thyroid hormones used by a wide range of organisms as a master control of metabolic rate **

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“Orthophosphates (phosphates)”  

Orthophosphates

  In our body, most of the phosphate is combined with oxygen, forming Orthophosphates, in bone contains about 85% of the body's phosphate, the rest located inside of cells, where phosphate is involved in energy production.
  Examples of phosphate compounds include:

• Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
• calcium phosphates
  • Apatites
    • Hydroxyapatites
      • Durapatite (a calcium hydroxyapatite)
  • Calcium Pyrophosphate
• Phosphoramides
• Polyphosphates
  • Diphosphates
    • Calcium Pyrophosphate
    • Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate
  • Tin Polyphosphates
• mineral phosphates
  • magnesium ammonium phosphate
    • struvite

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“Carbonates”  

Carbonate

  In chemistry, Carbonates, as anions are the salts or ions of the carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-).
  Examples of carbonate subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities include:

carbonate bicarbonates sodium bicarbonate hydrogencarbonates potassium hydrogencarbonate sodium hydrogencarbonate ammonium bicarbonate

carbonate salts carbonate minerals aragonite calcite ferrous carbonate vaterite calcium carbonate ferrous carbonate lithium carbonate magnesium carbonate potassium carbonate sodium carbonate

carbonate esters cyclic carbonate esters adefovir pivoxil Diethyl carbonate dimethyl carbonate diphenyl carbonate etabonate ester Ethylene carbonate fluoren-9-ylmethyl hydrogen carbonate methyl 4-nitrobenzyl carbonate monoethyl carbonate spiropidion spirotetramat

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“Bicarbonate Ions (Bicarbonates)”  

Bicarbonates

  In inorganic chemistry, as a polyatomic anion, Bicarbonate is the trivial name for an inorganic salt (carbonate) that contains the -HCO3 radical.

Bicarbonate Ions

  The Bicarbonate Ions (Bicarbonates) act as a buffer to maintain the normal levels of acidity (pH) in blood and other body fluids.
  Examples of bicarbonate subsets, concepts, subjects and related entities include:

• hydrogencarbonate
  • potassium hydrogencarbonate
  • sodium hydrogencarbonate
  • ammonium bicarbonate
• sodium bicarbonate

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“Chlorides [Anion]”  

Chloride

  In chemistry, the salts of Chloride (Cl^{−}), occur as anions of chlorine (Cl).
  In our body, the salts of Chloride (Cl^{−}), as a major mineral nutrients that occurs in body fluids, is an essential mineral occurring mainly in compound form with sodium or potassium, or in the gastric acid as hydrochloric acid (HCl).

In inorganic chemistry, Chlorides, as anions, are inorganic compounds may be derived from a hydrochloric acid (HCl) that contains the Cl- ion.
  Examples of some chloride (Cl) include:

• hydrogen chloride (Cl^{−})
  • hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• ammonium chlorides
• cadmium chlorides
• calcium chloride
• lithium chloride
• magnesium chloride
• Mercuric Chloride
• Potassium Chloride
• Sodium Chloride

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“Sulfides”  

Sulfide

  In chemistry, a Sulfide is any sulfur compound involving either a covalently bonded or an anionic sulfur atom (S). chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-, with the sulfur atom (S) bound to either inorganic or organic moiety.
  Examples of sulfides include:

• Disulfides
  • Carbon Disulfide
• trisulfides
• Moxalactam

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