“Selenium (Se)”  [Atomic Number: 34] 

Selenium

  In chemistry, Selenium (Se), a chalcogen group member, is a trace reactive nonmetal element, with an atomic weight of 78.96.
In elemental science, Selenium (Se), is a p-block element, located at the group 16, period 4 of the periodic table of elements.

Selenium Biochemically

  Selenium (Se), naturally occurring in inorganic oxidized form, as selenate (SeO₄^{2−}) and selenite (SeO₃^{2−}) in the environment and in organic form in cellular tissues.
In our body, the non metal Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element as an essential dietary micronutrient, but is toxic in larger amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage, as an essential component of glutathione peroxidase.
In our body, Selenium (Se) is incorporated into proteins to make Selenoprotein, which are important antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of selenoproteins help prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Other selenoproteins help regulate thyroid function and play a role in the immune system, DNA repair, and the detoxification of heavy metals. High doses of vitamin C may enhances the absorption of selenium. This mineral is best taken in conjunction with antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins C or E. *

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“Selenium-Binding Proteins (Se-Binding Proteins)”  

Selenium-Binding Proteins

  In protein science, Selenium-Binding Proteins are a group of proteins that covalently attach to selenium (Se) or selenium-containing compounds. **

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“Selenoproteins”  

Selenoprotein

  In protein science, a Selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine (Se-Cys) amino acid residue.
  In our body, the selenium (Se) is a nutritional trace mineral essential for a wide range of roles in metabolism and oxidative stress defense and various health aspects. Selenium (Se) exerts its effects mainly through its incorporation into Selenoprotein as the amino acid, selenocysteine.

Twenty-five selenoprotein genes have been identified in humans and several selenoproteins are broadly classified as antioxidant enzymes.
  Examples of selenoproteins include:

• Selenoprotein P
• Selenoprotein W
• Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases

The genes in the selenoproteins gene group include:

• DIO1 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 1
• DIO2 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 2
• DIO2 gene, aka iodothyronine deiodinase 3
• MSRB1 Gene (SEPX1 gene), aka methionine sulfoxide reductase B1
• GPX1 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 1
• GPX2 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 2
• GPX3 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 3
• GPX4 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 4
• GPX6 gene, aka glutathione peroxidase 6
• SELENOF gene, aka selenoprotein F
• SELENOH gene, aka selenoprotein H
• SELENOI gene, aka selenoprotein I
• SELENOK gene, aka selenoprotein K
• SELENOM gene, aka selenoprotein M
• SELENON Gene (SEPN1 gene), aka selenoprotein N
• SELENOO gene, aka selenoprotein O
• SELENOP gene (SEPP1 gene), aka selenoprotein P
• SELENOS gene, aka selenoprotein S
• SELENOT gene, aka selenoprotein T
• SELENOV gene, aka selenoprotein V
• SELENOW Gene (SEPW1 gene), aka selenoprotein W
• SEPHS2 gene, aka selenophosphate synthetase 2
• TXNRD1 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 1
• TXNRD2 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 2
• TXNRD3 gene, aka thioredoxin reductase 3

**

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“Selenium (Se) Compounds”  

  In chemistry, Selenium (Se) Compounds are elemental compounds (organic compounds or inorganic compounds) that contain as an integral part of the molecule, the element selenium (Se).
  Examples of selenium compounds include:

• selenious acid
  • sodium selenite (disodium selenite)
• selenic acid compounds include:
  • Selenates
    • Ammonium Selenate
    • Potassium Selenate
    • Calcium Selenate
    • Magnesium Selenate
    • Sodium Selenate
    • Monosodium Selenate
• selenium oxides include:
  • Selenium Monoxide
  • Selenium Dioxide
  • Selenium Trioxide

**

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“Selenium Isotopes”  

  In chemistry, Selenium Isotopes are stable selenium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element selenium (Se), but differ in atomic weight.
  selenium (Se) has five or six stable isotopes. **

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“Selenium Radioisotopes”  

  In chemistry, Selenium Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of the element Selenium that decays or disintegrates emitting radiation. **

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